Difference between core networks, regional networks and access networks

With the ever-growing trend towards digitisation, businesses require robust networks to support their digital requirements. Networks play a crucial role in facilitating communication, data transfer and collaboration among devices, applications and users.

Networks vary in their size, scope and range. Understanding the architecture and functionality of these networks can help organisations make informed decisions in their digital transformation while maintaining a secure and efficient network infrastructure.

Core networks, regional networks and access networks are the three main types that make up the backbone of modern digital architecture. These networks work together to provide a seamless experience for end-users. A failure in one or all of these networks can impede productivity and compromise the reliability of communication.

What are core networks?

Core networks connect continents, countries and major national network nodes. These are high-speed, high-capacity networks that serve as the core infrastructure for businesses. The primary function of a core network is to facilitate data transmission between different regional networks and access networks.

Core networks provide the data exchange between the network operators (network interconnection), ensuring that every host is reachable. The infrastructure consists of routers, switches and other networking equipment that helps direct data to its destination.

Core networks are responsible for routing data across vast distances, so they commonly use high-speed fibre-optic cables. This ensures speeds of several gigabits per second (Gbps), as well as a low latency connection with the smallest possible delay.

One of the most significant features of core networks is their high level of security and reliability. They are designed to be redundant, which means that if one connection fails, data traffic can be rerouted through another connection. In addition, core networks use advanced security measures, such as firewalls, to protect against cyber attacks and data breaches.

What are regional networks?

A regional network is one that connects different geographical regions, such as cities or provinces, to each other. These networks are designed to facilitate communication and data transfer between different areas and are typically used by telecommunications companies to provide services to end-users. Regional networks also provide the infrastructure for businesses to communicate and collaborate from different locations.

The regional networks act as a bridge between core networks and access networks. From a technological perspective, these do not differ much from the core network. However, they do not provide any network interconnection between different network operators; regional networks are just connection lines.

One of the most important features of regional networks is their scalability and flexibility. As demand for data increases, regional networks can be expanded to accommodate more users and devices.

What’s more, regional networks can be customised to meet the specific requirements of enterprises and businesses, such as providing dedicated connections between multiple geographical locations. This scalability and flexibility make regional networks an important component of modern network architecture.

What are access networks?

An access network, also referred to as the last mile, is the final link in the network chain that connects end-users to the core and regional networks. It offers a direct connection to the network operators’ point of presence (PoP). Its primary function is to provide internet or network access to individual users or devices, such as computers, phones and Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

This type of network often uses a different transmission technology and infrastructure to the regional or the core networks. Access networks can use a variety of technologies to provide connectivity, with both wired and wireless connections forming part of the infrastructure.

Wired connections include cable modems, DSL and fibre-optic cables, while wireless connections include WiFi, cellular networks, microwave or satellite. The choice of technology used depends on factors such as location, bandwidth requirements and the number of users.

Important features of access networks include availability and accessibility. Users can connect to access networks from their homes, offices or public places. Additionally, they are designed to be user-friendly, enabling users to connect to the network easily and quickly.

Difference between the three network types

While all three types of networks serve the purpose of facilitating communication and data transfer, there are several key differences between them. Core networks are responsible for routing data across vast distances, while regional networks connect different geographical regions and access networks provide the final link to individual users or devices.

This means there is a significant difference in terms of the level of coverage and the scale of data transmission. As such, the technologies used in each type of network can vary. Core and regional networks typically use high-speed fibre-optic cables and advanced networking equipment, while access networks may use a combination of wired and wireless technologies.

Another key difference is the level of security and redundancy each network type provides. Core networks are designed to be highly secure and redundant, while regional and access networks may have more limited security and redundancy measures in place.

Finally, the ownership and management of each type of network can vary. Core networks are typically owned and managed by large telecommunications companies or government organisations, while regional and access networks may be operated by smaller internet service providers (ISPs) or businesses.

Understanding the differences between these three types of networks is essential for designing and maintaining effective network infrastructure. While they all serve similar purposes, these differences need to be taken into account to enable network architects and administrators to set up networks that are secure, reliable and efficient.

As a Tier 1 Network Operator, SEACOM Business offers comprehensive network solutions to South African organisations, encompassing core, regional, and access networks. Our expertise lies in assisting large enterprises with the design and implementation of robust network architectures. For more information or to get a quote, email us at marketing@seacom.com or leave us a message.

SEACOM operates Africa’s most extensive network of information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure, including multiple subsea cables and secure internet connections tracing both sides of the continent. This is partnered with broad terrestrial fibre networks in Southern and East Africa, extending services to these regions.

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